Feeding · calculator
Dog Calorie Calculator
Enter your dog’s weight and life stage to get its daily calorie requirement, calculated with the resting and maintenance energy formulas vets actually use.
Your dog’s current weight.
The default for most pet dogs. Neutering lowers energy needs by roughly 20%.
Daily energy requirement
629 kcal per day
- Resting energy requirement (RER)
- 393 kcal
- Life stage multiplier
- ×1.6
- Daily treat allowance (10%)
- 63 kcal
How this is calculated
Daily energy need is calculated in two steps. First the resting energy requirement, the calories burned doing nothing at all, then a multiplier for life stage and activity.
RER = 70 × (body weight in kg)^0.75
MER = RER × life stage factor
The exponent of 0.75 is the important part. Metabolic rate scales to body weight to the power
of three quarters, which is why a Great Dane does not need ten times the food of a Jack
Russell. A commonly quoted linear shortcut, 30 × kg + 70, is only valid roughly
between 2 kg (4.4 lb) and 45 kg (99 lb), so this calculator uses the exponential form at every weight.
Worked example
A 10 kg (22 lb) neutered adult: RER = 70 × 100.75 = 394 kcal. MER = 394 × 1.6 = 630 kcal per day. The 10% treat allowance is 63 kcal, which is about two small biscuits.
Life stage multipliers
| Life stage | Factor | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Adult, neutered or spayed | 1.6 | The default for most pet dogs. Neutering lowers energy needs by roughly 20%. |
| Adult, intact | 1.8 | Not neutered or spayed, normal household activity. |
| Weight loss | 1 | Feed to the target weight, not the current weight. Supervised by a vet. |
| Obese-prone or inactive | 1.4 | Gains weight easily, or largely indoors with short walks. |
| Weight gain | 1.2 –1.8 | Underweight dog being brought back to condition. |
| Puppy, under 4 months | 3 | Roughly three times resting needs. Feed across three or four meals a day. |
| Puppy, 4 months to adult | 2 | Drops to about twice resting needs once growth slows. |
| Active, light work | 2 | An hour or more of real exercise most days. |
| Active, moderate work | 3 | Herding, agility, long daily runs. |
| Active, heavy work | 4 –8 | Sled dogs and endurance work. The range is wide because output varies enormously. |
| Pregnant, last 21 days | 3 | Energy needs are near normal until the final three weeks, then climb sharply. |
| Nursing | 4 –8 | Scales with litter size and weeks since whelping. Usually fed free choice. |
Sources
What the number does and does not tell you
This is an estimate of an average dog's requirement, and individual dogs vary by roughly 20% either side of it for the same weight and lifestyle. Two dogs of identical size on identical walks can genuinely need noticeably different amounts.
Treat the figure as a starting ration, then let body condition decide. Feed it for four weeks, weigh weekly, and adjust by about 10% in whichever direction the trend says. You should be able to feel the ribs easily under a thin layer of fat, see a waist from above, and see an upward tuck of the belly from the side.
Sudden changes in appetite, weight loss without a diet change, or steady gain on a correct ration are all worth a vet visit rather than a recalculation.
Common questions
How many calories does my dog need per day?
Most neutered adult dogs need about 1.6 times their resting energy requirement. For a 10 kg (22 lb) dog that is roughly 630 kcal a day. Puppies need two to three times as much per kilogram, and working dogs more again. Enter your dog’s weight above for its own figure.
Why is the formula not just calories per kilogram?
Energy use scales to body weight to the power of 0.75, not to body weight directly. A 40 kg (88 lb) dog does not need four times what a 10 kg (22 lb) dog needs; it needs about 2.8 times as much. A flat per-kilogram rule overfeeds small dogs and underfeeds large ones.
Should I feed my dog its current weight or its target weight?
For weight loss, feed to the target weight using the weight loss multiplier of 1.0. For every other life stage, use the current weight. Feeding a heavy dog for its current weight simply maintains the excess.
How do I turn calories into cups of food?
Find the kcal per cup or kcal per kilogram printed on the bag, usually near the feeding guide, then divide the daily calorie figure by it. Brands vary from about 300 to over 500 kcal per cup, so the same daily total can be very different amounts of food.
Are the feeding guides on the bag wrong?
They are not wrong so much as generic. Bag guides are built for an average intact adult at maintenance and commonly overstate the amount for a neutered, moderately active pet dog. Use the guide as a starting point and adjust on body condition over four to six weeks.
How often should I recheck this number?
Reweigh monthly and recalculate whenever weight changes by more than about 5%, and after neutering, a change in activity, or a move into a new life stage. Body condition matters more than the calculated number.
Reading
- How big will my puppy get? Adult weight by age How big will my puppy get? Divide current weight by the fraction of adult weight typical for its age and size: a medium puppy at 4 months is about 53% grown.
- How long are dogs pregnant? 63 days, week by week How long are dogs pregnant? About 63 days from ovulation and remarkably consistent. From the mating date it can look like 57 to 72. Milestones week by week.
- Why the bag’s feeding chart overfeeds most dogs Dog food feeding charts overfeed because they are keyed to weight alone, and two dogs of the same weight can need very different amounts. Here is why.
- How many calories does my dog need a day? How many calories a dog needs a day: resting energy is 70 × kg^0.75, times 1.0 to 8.0 by life stage and work. Worked examples for 5, 20 and 40 kg dogs.
- How much water should a dog drink a day? How much water a dog should drink: about 50 to 60 ml per kg a day, roughly a liter for a 20 kg dog. Above 100 ml/kg, sustained, is polydipsia.